<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2860278508907751687</id><updated>2011-08-01T10:38:22.410-07:00</updated><title type='text'>GSK3-enzyme</title><subtitle type='html'>Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is a regulatory enzyme that phosphorylates numerous substrates and regulate many physiological processes such as glycogen metabolism, gene expression, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell fate.

Glycogen sinthase kinase 3 (GSK3)is a very significant and ubiquitous enzyme that phosphorylate a large number of substracts and regulate a lot of physiologic process:glycogen metabolism, genic expression, apoptosis,signal transduccion and neurologic process.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Marielza</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11378628725326421537</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='23' height='32' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_knqWeJ1mhMc/TMShh8m5JDI/AAAAAAAAAAo/iFAlkHtxs3M/S220/2006-12-25-what-would-richard-feynman-do%5B1%5D.png'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>6</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2860278508907751687.post-2196490305212731088</id><published>2011-07-06T12:50:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-07-06T12:59:20.560-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;There is an article in Neuron magazine published in 2007 that conclude that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" &gt;We conclude that the regulation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;of GSK3b activity provides a powerful &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;mechanism to preserve information encoded &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;during LTP from erasure by subsequent LTD, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;perhaps thereby permitting the initial consolidation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;of learnt information. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;During LTD, activation of PP1 leads to dephosphorylation of GSK3b at ser9 to further activate GSK3b and enable LTD to occur. PP1 also inhibits Akt. During LTP, activation of NMDA receptors leads to stimulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway, which phosphorylates GSK3b at ser9 to inhibit its activity and prevent the induction of LTD. Thus, GSK3b, under the control of Akt and PP1, is a critical determinant of the direction of NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial"&gt;Stéphane Peineau &lt;i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"&gt;et col&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial; "&gt;A Role for GSK3b in Synaptic Plasticity&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph; mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Arial;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Neuron 53, 703–717, March 1, 2007&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2860278508907751687-2196490305212731088?l=gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/feeds/2196490305212731088/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2011/07/there-is-article-in-neuron-magazine.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/2196490305212731088'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/2196490305212731088'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2011/07/there-is-article-in-neuron-magazine.html' title=''/><author><name>Marielza</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11378628725326421537</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='23' height='32' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_knqWeJ1mhMc/TMShh8m5JDI/AAAAAAAAAAo/iFAlkHtxs3M/S220/2006-12-25-what-would-richard-feynman-do%5B1%5D.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2860278508907751687.post-7673838368772720421</id><published>2010-11-02T14:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-11-02T14:38:22.533-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Memory Protection&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Scientists analysed the way brain cells communicate at times of peake activity- such as the criation of new memories or seizures- when electrical signalling by the brain neurons are increased. They foun that GSK3 enzyme helps to supress brain activity by reducing the flow of chemical messengers bvetween brain cellss. This raises the possibility that drugs could be developed to block the effect of this enzyme, increasing chemical messaging between brain cells, researches say. This could help to protect memory in people with Alzheimer´s Disease and slow the progression of thier ilness. Conversely, researchers also say that drugs could also be developed to boost the efect of the enzyme, slowing brain activity in epilepsy patients and reducing the effects of their seizures , &lt;a href="http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/all-news/alzheimers-110610"&gt;http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/all-news/alzheimers-110610&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The team of Dr Mike Cousin published an article in Nature Neuroscience and they found that theire results demonstrated a presynaptic role for GSK3 and they indicate that a protein kinase signaling cascade prepares synaptic vesicles for retrieval during elevated neruonal activity. Nature Neuroscience; jul2010, vol13 issue7 , p845-851.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2860278508907751687-7673838368772720421?l=gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/feeds/7673838368772720421/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2010/11/memory-protection-scientists-analysed.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/7673838368772720421'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/7673838368772720421'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2010/11/memory-protection-scientists-analysed.html' title=''/><author><name>Marielza</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11378628725326421537</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='23' height='32' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_knqWeJ1mhMc/TMShh8m5JDI/AAAAAAAAAAo/iFAlkHtxs3M/S220/2006-12-25-what-would-richard-feynman-do%5B1%5D.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2860278508907751687.post-4000784030557254981</id><published>2010-10-24T14:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2010-10-24T14:36:48.748-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) was initially described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism, but is now known to regulate a diverse array of cell functions.&lt;br /&gt;The study of the substrate specificity and regulation of GSK3 activity has been important in the quest for therapeutic intervention. However, our knowledge of the biological roles of GSK3 is still in its infancy, and much further experimentation is still necessary, exploiting the improved methodologies and reagents that are gradually becoming available. The development of increasingly potent and specific inhibitors of GSK3 will have an important&lt;br /&gt;impact in helping to identify the true physiological substrates of GSK3, as will the availability of mice that lack either one or both GSK3 isoforms.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Philip Cohen and Sheelagh Frame&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2860278508907751687-4000784030557254981?l=gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/feeds/4000784030557254981/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2010/10/glycogen-synthase-kinase-3-gsk3-was.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/4000784030557254981'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/4000784030557254981'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2010/10/glycogen-synthase-kinase-3-gsk3-was.html' title=''/><author><name>Marielza</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11378628725326421537</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='23' height='32' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_knqWeJ1mhMc/TMShh8m5JDI/AAAAAAAAAAo/iFAlkHtxs3M/S220/2006-12-25-what-would-richard-feynman-do%5B1%5D.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2860278508907751687.post-5165204250013687485</id><published>2009-08-02T16:56:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-08-02T17:19:31.803-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>Sou apaixonada pelo estudo desta enzima pelas suas características fantásticas, entre elas serem pró e antiapoptóticas.&lt;br /&gt;A enzima GSK-3, tem a capacidade tanto de aumentar quanto diminuir o limiar apoptótico. Estes efeitos aparentemente paradoxais são devidos à regulação oposta pela GSK3 das duas principais vias de sinalização apoptótica. A GSK3 promove a morte celular causada pela via mitocondrial intrínseca, mas inibe a sinalização apoptótica extrínseca mediada por receptor. A sinalização apoptótica intrínseca, ativada pelo dano celular, é promovida pela GSK3 por facilitação dos sinais que causam destruição das mitocôndrias e por regulação dos fatores de transcrição que controlam a expressão de proteínas pró ou anti apoptóticas. As vias apoptóticas extrínsecas necessitam dos ligantes extracelulares estimulando receptores de morte celular da superfície da célula que iniciam a apoptose ativando a caspase-8. Seu passo inicial na sinalização apoptótica extrínseca é inibido pela GSK-3. Portanto a GSK-3 modula passos chaves em cada uma das principais vias de apoptose, mas em direções opostas. Conseqüentemente os inibidores da GSK3 protegem do estimulo da apoptose pelas vias intrínsecas de sinalização apoptótica, mas estimulam a apoptose potencializando os sinais extrínsecos de apoptose. Os estudos desta habilidade excêntrica são muito importantes para fundamentar o uso racional de inibidores de GSK3 para intervenções terapêuticas.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2860278508907751687-5165204250013687485?l=gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/feeds/5165204250013687485/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2009/08/sou-apaixonada-pelo-estudo-desta-enzima.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/5165204250013687485'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/5165204250013687485'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2009/08/sou-apaixonada-pelo-estudo-desta-enzima.html' title=''/><author><name>Marielza</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11378628725326421537</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='23' height='32' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_knqWeJ1mhMc/TMShh8m5JDI/AAAAAAAAAAo/iFAlkHtxs3M/S220/2006-12-25-what-would-richard-feynman-do%5B1%5D.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2860278508907751687.post-7333061776624264882</id><published>2009-07-06T13:47:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-07-06T13:48:28.636-07:00</updated><title type='text'>O que é a enzima GSK-3</title><content type='html'>Há mais de 20 anos a GSK-3 foi descoberta como uma das principais enzimas para a fosforilção e inativação da glicogênio sintase. Psoteriormente, a clonagem da GSK-3 em tecidos de mamíferos revelou dua isoformas muito próximas, a GSK-3α e a GSK-3β que têm grande similaridade no domínio kinase catalítico (97%),mas divergem no N e C terminal. Apesar disto tudo, tanto a GSK-3β como a GSK-3α contêm um N-terminal serina muito conservado (Ser21 para GSK-3α e Ser9 para GSK-3β) cuja fosforilação é muito importante na regulação da atividade enzimática.&lt;br /&gt;O sie de ativação da GSK-3β está na Tirosina 216 e sua fosforilação foi encontrada in vivo. Este resíduo exerce um papel na abertrura e fechamento dos site ligador de substrato.&lt;br /&gt;Apesar da especificidade sugerida por seu nome, a GSK-3 está envolvida em um grande número de reações químicas de fosforilação regulatória de vários alvos celulares diferentes. O interesse médico na GSK-3 começou devido ao seu envolvimento no desenvolvimento animal, no controle metabólico, na neurodegeneração e oncogênese. Nas reações químicas dependentes de Fosfatidilinositídeo-3-kinase , a estimulação pela insulina inibe a atividade da GSK-3 ativando a proteína kinase B (PKB, também chamada Akt) que em troca fosforila a GSK-3 no N-terminal serina.  O estímulo da insulina inibe a GSK-3 e assim, permite a desfosforilação e ativação da glicogênios sintase. A GSK-3 é também reconhecida como um componente chave para as reações de sinalização Wnt, que são essenciais para um padrão de desenvolvimento embrionário e regulação da proliferação celular. A GSK-3 também está implicada na doença de Alzheimer pelo seu papel potencial na hiuperfosforilação da proteína tau associada aos microtúbulos.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2860278508907751687-7333061776624264882?l=gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/feeds/7333061776624264882/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2009/07/o-que-e-enzima-gsk-3.html#comment-form' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/7333061776624264882'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/7333061776624264882'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2009/07/o-que-e-enzima-gsk-3.html' title='O que é a enzima GSK-3'/><author><name>Marielza</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11378628725326421537</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='23' height='32' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_knqWeJ1mhMc/TMShh8m5JDI/AAAAAAAAAAo/iFAlkHtxs3M/S220/2006-12-25-what-would-richard-feynman-do%5B1%5D.png'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2860278508907751687.post-8843592244981803292</id><published>2009-06-22T18:35:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-06-22T18:37:04.125-07:00</updated><title type='text'>GSK3-enzyme</title><content type='html'>Estou querendo compartilhar conhecimentos sobre esta enzima.&lt;br /&gt;Minha área de pesquisa é GSK-3, Alzheimer e Lítio.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2860278508907751687-8843592244981803292?l=gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/feeds/8843592244981803292/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2009/06/gsk3-enzyme.html#comment-form' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/8843592244981803292'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2860278508907751687/posts/default/8843592244981803292'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://gsk3-enzyme.blogspot.com/2009/06/gsk3-enzyme.html' title='GSK3-enzyme'/><author><name>Marielza</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11378628725326421537</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='23' height='32' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_knqWeJ1mhMc/TMShh8m5JDI/AAAAAAAAAAo/iFAlkHtxs3M/S220/2006-12-25-what-would-richard-feynman-do%5B1%5D.png'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry></feed>
